Actually an isolation transformer commonwealth day be physical the same as a Step up/Step Down voltage regulator. The main difference is in the way they square measure used. Another difference is that in a normal primary there will being capacitance between the 2 windings, between the windings and core, between the core and shell, etc. These capacitances bring ft high frequency noise from outside, which will be transmitted in the secondary circuit. So [in an isolation transformer] wires are connected between each component, (not direct contact, but with insulation present). This permits a leakage current and eliminates unnecessary capacitance. Answer Element could make a start to answer this question. Isolation transformer: is a voltage regulator with two separate windings, the primary and the secondary. There is an electrical energy isolation between the primary and the secondary. Nearly any type of transformer with two non-connected windings could be considered an "isolation" transformer, in that it electric isolates the essential voltage from the secondary voltage. There are also transformers with one rotary motion (called auto-transformers) and connections for input and output. If the input is low voltage and the output a higher, then you can say engineering science is a STEP-UP transformer. If the input is high and the output is low, point you privy say it is a Step-up. This type of transformer can not by used where safety is a large syndic.